2020

Overall the vaccine was safe, with the most common systemic and local reactions pain at the injection site, hyperthermia, headache, asthenia, and muscle and joint pain. Immunogenicity results from the phase 1 study showed that a single dose of either rAd5-S and rAd26-S induced robust Ab and cellular immunity.

Interim analysis on 95 cases [90 (placebo group) and 5 (mRNA-1273 group)] of which 11 were severe cases all from the placebo group. Preliminary report of their Phase 1 Clinical trial demonstrated that vaccination with mRNA-1273 did not result in severe side-effects. Vaccination induced rapid seroconversion...

BNT162b1 is an mRNA based vaccine, co-developed by Pfizer and BioNTech was the first COVID-19 vaccine to release preliminary analysis that suggests >90% efficacy against COVID-19 infection in SARS-CoV-2-naïve adults. This vaccine induces a robust antibody and cellular immunity in both younger and elderly adults. As of 8th of November 38955 out of 43538 enrolled participants...

Review describes the underlying potential immunosuppressive effect of gal-3 through his modulation of lymphocytes and macrophages activity, specifically in the prostate and lung cancer. Depending on its location, extracellular or intracellular, gal-3 can show pro-or anti apoptotic effect on lymphocytes.

Researchers have modified the Sabin vaccine strain (nOPV2) making it less likely to regain virulence as the original Sabin strain. Genetic modification of nOPV2 did not affect the thermal stability, replication competency nor the immunogenicity profile the vaccine as compared to the origin Sabin vaccine strain.

Fitzpatrick et al., aimed to profile steady-state meningeal humoral immunity and investigated the induction of humoral in the meninges. In their study, they showed that meninges of “healthy, unchallenged” mice have detectable that IgA-secreting plasma cells.Thus, illustrating that the presence...

Since SARS-CoV-2 is airborne, we would be better served by a vaccine that would be delivered intranasally in order to promote an IgA response that targets the virus at mucosal sites rather than an intramuscular administration that predominantly induces IgG that have a limited contribution to the mucosal immunity.

Using the E.coli neonatal sepsis model researchers demonstrated dissemination of E.coli to other parts of the body including the brain was also associated with detection of detrimental sepsis-associated inflammatory cytokines. They showed that PTX modestly decreased TNF levels, but significantly increased levels IL-10.

Takaki et al., used a S.mansoni Zebrafish infection model and confocal microscopy demonstrated that only mature S.mansoni eggs induce granuloma formation, while immature eggs have limited capacity to do so. They showed that immature eggs evade granuloma formation...

Researchers sought to identify mechanisms that can account for the increased susceptibility to tuberculosis disease among individuals with diabetes and intermediate hyperglycemia. They demonstrated that patients with intermediate levels of hyperglycaemia also exhibit immune dysfunction...